Opening a café or restaurant in the UK is an exciting opportunity—but it comes with several legal, operational, and planning considerations. Whether you’re launching a cosy coffee shop or a larger food business, this guide will walk you through everything from registration and licensing to tax, hygiene, and accessibility compliance.
1. Register Your Food Business with the Local Council
All food businesses in the UK must be registered with their local authority at least 28 days before opening. This process is free and can usually be completed online through your local council’s website.
2. Choose a Suitable Location
Selecting a high-footfall location is crucial, but so is compliance. Check for zoning restrictions, access to utilities, fire safety standards, and potential planning permissions for changing the use of a property to a food establishment.
3. Understand Food Hygiene and Safety Laws
You’ll need to follow the UK’s Food Hygiene Rating Scheme. This includes:
- Keeping preparation areas clean and sanitised
- Following allergen labeling regulations
- Documenting food safety procedures using HACCP principles
4. Hire and Train Staff Appropriately
All employees must have basic food hygiene training, and managers should consider Level 2 or Level 3 Food Safety certification. Don’t forget legal obligations such as right-to-work checks and pension schemes.
5. Budget for Business Rates, VAT, and Insurance
You’ll be liable for business rates based on your property's rateable value. If your turnover exceeds £90,000/year (2024–2025 threshold), you must register for VAT. Don’t skip public liability and employer insurance either.
6. Ensure Accessibility and Fire Safety Compliance
Your establishment must comply with the Equality Act 2010 to accommodate disabled customers. This includes ramps, seating arrangements, signage, and accessible restrooms. Fire exits, extinguishers, and alarms must meet UK fire safety regulations.
Now for some Frequently Asked Questions about Opening a Cafe or Food Establishment in the UK
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need planning permission to open a food establishment in the UK?
If you're changing the building's use class (e.g. from retail to food service), planning permission is usually required. Check with your local planning authority.
What are the UK food hygiene rules for self-service food?
You must ensure sneeze guards, temperature control, and clear allergen labeling for all self-service stations.
How do I register my café with the council?
Visit the gov.uk website or your local council's site to complete a free online registration form at least 28 days before opening.
Do I need a music license for background music?
Yes, you'll need both a PRS for Music and PPL license to legally play recorded music in your café or restaurant.
What licenses are needed to sell alcohol?
You’ll need a premises license and at least one staff member with a personal license. Apply through your local council.
What are the rules for CCTV in a food business?
If using CCTV, you must display clear signage and comply with UK GDPR regarding storage and privacy.
What taxes must I pay when running a UK food business?
Common taxes include income tax, VAT (if applicable), National Insurance, and business rates. Keep proper records for HMRC.
Do I need insurance for my café?
Yes, including public liability, employer liability, and potentially product liability insurance depending on what you serve.
What is HACCP and do I need it?
Yes, you must follow HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) to manage food safety risks and meet legal requirements.
How do I comply with disability access laws?
You must provide reasonable adjustments under the Equality Act 2010—this could include ramps, hearing loops, and accessible toilets.
Can I operate a food business from home?
Yes, but you must still register with the council, comply with hygiene laws, and check your mortgage or lease terms.
Do I need a fire risk assessment?
Yes. All food premises require a documented fire risk assessment to identify and reduce hazards.
How do I set up allergen controls?
Clearly label allergens, train staff, and separate ingredients during prep. Use the FSA’s allergen checklist as a guide.
What is the Food Hygiene Rating Scheme?
It’s the UK’s 0–5 star rating system based on inspection by your local environmental health officer. Aim for 4 or 5.
Do I need a business bank account?
Yes, if you’re a limited company. Sole traders are not legally required to have one, but it is strongly recommended.